如果在类中没有定义拷贝构造函数,编译器会自行定义一个。如果类带有指针变量,并有动态内存分配,则它必须有一个拷贝构造函数。拷贝构造函数的最常见形式如下:
classname (const classname &obj) {
// 构造函数的主体
}
==========================================================================
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Line
{
public:
int getLength( void );
Line( int len ); // 简单的构造函数
Line( const Line &obj); // 拷贝构造函数
~Line(); // 析构函数
private:
int *ptr;
};
// 成员函数定义,包括构造函数
Line::Line(int len)
{
cout << "Normal constructor allocating ptr" << endl;
// 为指针分配内存
ptr = new int;
*ptr = len;
}
Line::Line(const Line &obj)
{
cout << "Copy constructor allocating ptr." << endl;
ptr = new int;
*ptr = *obj.ptr; // copy the value
}
Line::~Line(void)
{
cout << "Freeing memory!" << endl;
delete ptr;
}
int Line::getLength( void )
{
return *ptr;
}
void display(Line obj)
{
cout << "Length of line : " << obj.getLength() <<endl;
}
// 程序的主函数
int main( )
{
Line line1(10);
Line line2 = line1; // 这里也调用了拷贝构造函数
display(line1);
display(line2);
return 0;
}
==================================================================
Normal constructor allocating ptr
Copy constructor allocating ptr.
Copy constructor allocating ptr.
Length of line : 10
Freeing memory!
Copy constructor allocating ptr.
Length of line : 10
Freeing memory!
Freeing memory!
Freeing memory!
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